The money for the space industry [had been] secure and did not encourage risk-taking in the development of new space technologies. Click and drag on the chart area to zoom into a particular subset of bubbles. Falcon 9 NAFCOM Cost Estimate Comparison (All Costs Are In FY2010 $$)M) . Some critical differences between launch vehicles, like total lift capability and whether any of their components are designed to be reused, may lead to drastically different launch costs. Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle NAFCOM Cost Estimates August 2011 . Nvidia RTX 3080 vs 3080-Ti: Full Comparison With Specs, Price, and More. This data repository compares costs between space launch vehicles by incorporating many vehicle characteristics into a single figure: the cost to launch one kilogram of payload mass to low Earth orbit (LEO) as part of a dedicated launch. Mapped: Which Countries Have the Highest Inflation? Matt Williams, Falcon Heavy Vs. Saturn V, Universe Today, July 25, 2016, https://www.universetoday.com/129989/saturnv-vs-falcon-heavy/. In particular it is the trend of competitive dynamics among payload transport capabilities at diverse prices having a greater influence on launch purchasing than the traditional political considerations of country of manufacture or the national entity using, regulating or licensing the launch service. These varying cost and requirements makes market analysis imprecise.[19]. [104] The first Block 5 booster flew successfully on 11 May 2018, and SpaceX then "lowered the standard price of a Falcon 9 launch from US$62 million to about US$50 million. It is a little bit of trial and error. And Orbital ATK wants to build an Atlas V replacement . 2.815 billion was slated to be provided by various European government sources at the time the early finance structure was made public in April 2015. Which can launch 100,000 kg /220,000 lb to LEO, and the aspirational launch cost is $2 million. In other cases, launch providers may provide costs for a single configuration of a launch vehicle, despite offering a wide range of variants of the vehicle to potential customers with vastly different capabilities. Although space launch vehiclesoften have vastly different characteristics from one anotherincluding the orbital regimes into which they can place payloads, the spaceports from which they can be launched, and their likelihood of success or failurethey all share the same core mission: to safely place payloads into orbit around the Earth. In then-year dollars, per-kilogram costs increased from 1957 to 2005 and generally decreased from 2005 to 2020. But a reliance on tried-and-true technology could be its Achilles' heel: some estimates currently peg the SLS's cost at an eye-watering $4.1 billion per launch. With frequent recovery of first-stage boosters by SpaceX, expendable missions had become a rare occurrence for them. "[96], Airbus announced in 2015 that they would open an R&D center and venture capital fund in Silicon Valley. In addition to price reductions for proffered launch service contracts, launch service providers are restructuring to meet increased competitive pressures within the industry. "[48], Private capital invested in the space launch industry prior to 2015 was modest. United Launch Alliance signed one commercial contract to launch an Orbital Sciences Corporation Cygnus spacecraft to the LEO-orbiting International Space Station following the destruction over the pad of an Orbital Antares vehicle in October 2014. Space Launch System launch cost to LEO: $200,000,000/140,000 kg = 14,286 $/kg. This data repository compares costs between space launch vehicles by incorporating many vehicle characteristics into a single figure: the cost to launch one kilogram of payload mass to low Earth orbit (LEO) as part of a dedicated launch. First launch mid-2020", "Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin could change the face of space travel", "Blue Origin shows interest in national security launches", "Jeff Bezos and National Reconnaissance Office talk about space and innovation", "Vous avez aim Ariane 6, vous allez adorer Ariane Next - L'Usine Aro", "CNES: By mid-2015 we'll propose LOX/methane reusable 1st stage roadmap w/ Germany. Just in: #SpaceX and #ULA have been awarded launch contracts by the US Air Force as part of the NSSL Phase 2 solicitation. No government financing is being provided for either rocket. [12], DARPA's Simon P. Worden and the USAF's Jess Sponable analyzed the situation in 2006 and offered that, "One bright point is the emerging private sector, which [was then] pursuing suborbital or small lift capabilities." Last week, the US space agency tapped the company's Falcon Heavy rocket . "[11], Despite ULA restructuring begun in 2014 to decrease launch costs by half,[32] the cheapest ULA space launch in early 2018 remained the Atlas V 401 at a price of approximately US$109 million, over US$40 million more than a SpaceX standard commercial launch, that the US military began to utilize for some US government missions that flew in 2018. SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk revealed that his company's Starship rocket will only require $900,000 of fuel per launch and cost $2 million per mission overall. [citation needed], By 2018, Russia has indicated it may reduce focus on the commercial launch market. [102] Russia may be the first launch provider to be a casualty of over supply of launch services. [102] Technical problems with the Proton rocket and intense competition with SpaceX have been the prime drivers of this decline. [25], In early 2014, the ESA asked European governments for additional subsidies to face the competition from SpaceX. To compare, NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) will cost an estimated $2 billion per launch for similar missions. And probably the most phenomenal aspect is its launch cost; estimated at $250 million per launch, Starship could cost 10 times less than the SLS per mission. In November 2019, Musk . However, when we compare the launch cost, we see . SpaceX's Falcon 9 now advertises a cost of $62 million to launch 22,800 kg to LEO, $2,720/kg. In those cases, non-recurring costs, such as research and development, may be included as part of the figure. ";[12] demonstrating capabilities that would grow in the next five years while supporting published list prices substantially below the rates on offer by the national providers. Blue Origin's Jeff Bezos initially said they did not plan to compete for the US military launch market, stating the market is "a relatively small number of flights. "[105], In mid-2018, no fewer than three commercial launch vehiclesAriane 6, Vulcan, and New Glennwere being targeted for initial launch in 2020, two of them explicitly aimed at competitively responding to the offerings of SpaceX[106](although journalists and industry experts were expressing doubts that all these target dates would be met. Russia launched only three commercial payloads in 2017. While stars emit energy for years, its important to note that they dont shine for eternity. [11], The launch of the US Air Force's first GPS III satellite is expected no earlier than 2017 rather than 2016 as originally planned. [72] In November 2019, Elon Musk reduced this figure to $2 million -- $900,000 for fuel and $1.1 million for launch support services. Launch services were supplied exclusively with launch vehicles developed originally for various Cold War military programs, with their attendant cost structures. [90][needs update] ULAafter having held a government-sanctioned monopoly on US military launches for the previous decadedeclined to even submit a bid, leaving the likely contract award winner to be SpaceX, the only other domestic US provider of launch services to be certified as usable by the US military. "[40] The Washington Post said that the changes occasioned from multiple competing service providers resulted in a revolution in innovation. That means the total revenue from two launches of that booster is $112 million ($62M + $50M), while the total cost to SpaceX is only $65 million ($50M + $15M). Last month, however, SpaceX announced that it will raise the price of . SpaceX's Falcon Heavy first stage falls back to Earth and is reused to boost cost savings. Sources: "As of 2003, the average launch cost/lb of payload in the U.S for small, medium, and heavy launches was $8,445, $4,994, and $4,440 respectively." Article from 2006: "A Falcon 1 launch costs US$6.7 million for up to 570 kilogrammes of payload delivered to orbit." "NASA's goal is to reduce the cost of getting to space to hundreds of . Last year, most of SpaceX's Starlink launches have released satellites into Shell 4, at an inclination of 53.2 degrees, after the company largely completed launches into the first 53-degree . Falcon Heavy can . During the last 60 years, roughly 600 people have flown into space, and the vast majority of them have been government astronauts. Many space launch providers are expending capital to develop new lower-cost reusable spaceflight technologies. Sign up to hear about upcoming Aerospace Security publications and events at CSIS. Answer (1 of 6): In 2016, SpaceX launched a GPS 3 satellite for $83 million. renamed Ariane Next,[citation needed] with flight testing unlikely before approximately 2026. [45], In 2018 SpaceX launched a record 21 times, exceeding the 18 launches in 2017; ULA had flown just 8 flights in 2018. USAF awarded 60% of the contract to ULA and 40% to SpaceX. As a result, the emergence of SpaceX was a surprise to other launch providers "because the need to evolve launcher technology by a giant leap was not apparent to them. Visualized: Which Countries are Dominating Space? The big cheese at Roscosmos has claimed a launch to the International Space Station using good ol' fashioned Russian Soyuz rockets still costs less than SpaceX's offering. [75][needs update], In the first quarter of 2020, SpaceX launched over 61,000kg (134,000lb) of payload mass to orbit while all Chinese, European, and Russian launchers placed approximately 21,000kg (46,000lb), 16,000kg (35,000lb) and 13,000kg (29,000lb) in orbit, respectively, with all other launch providers launching approximately 15,000kg (33,000lb). One such satellite system is the Boeing 702SP which can be launched as a pair on a lighter-weight dual-commsat stacktwo satellites conjoined on a single launchand which was specifically designed to take advantage of the lower-cost SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle. Russia has the ability to launch a dozen or more times with Proton doing both government and commercial missions, but has operated at a slower cadence the past few years due to launch failures and [the] discovery of an incorrect material used in some rocket engines. SpaceX rocket boosters usually return to Earth in good enough condition that theyre able to be refurbished, which saves money and helps the company undercut competitors prices. As rocket engine and rocket technologies have fairly long development cycles, most of the results of these moves would not be seen until the late-2010s and early 2020s. NASA has granted SpaceX at least $3 billion in taxpayer money towards the launch of Starship, though SpaceX is also . D. E. Koelle, TRANSCOST, Statistical-Analytical Model for Cost Estimation and Economic Optimization of Space Transportation Systems, MBB Report No. Special thanks to Mariel de la Garza for her work developing this tool. We believe that we have better ideas than the rest of the world. "[14], Falcon 9 GTO mission pricing in 2014 was approximately US$15 million less than a launch on a Chinese Long March 3B. [70], SpaceX stated in 2014 that if they were successful at developing the reusable technology, launch prices in the US$5 to 7 million range for the reusable Falcon 9 could be achieved in the longer term. SpaceX began testing the return of its first stage for reuse in 2013 and has greatly succeeded with this endeavour. Plus, Delta IV Heavy can only lift half as . Full citations can be found in the Sources section at the bottom of this page. [36] As of 2015[update], SpaceX remained "the low-cost supplier in the industry. NASA sees considerable potential in . In FY21 dollars, newer launch vehicles tend to offer lower costs than older launch vehicles, with a gradual decline from 1957 to 2005, and a steeper decline between 2005 and 2020. In 2016, SpaceX had 30% global market share for newly awarded commercial launch contracts, in 2017 the market share reached 45%,[91] and 65% in 2018. [87], For perspective, eight additional satellites in 2014 were booked "by national launch providers in deals for which no competitive bids were sought. And we need to be open to others' ideas and others' innovations. SpaceXs successful recovery of a first stage rocket in December 2015 did not change the Arianespace outlook. SpaceX's goal is to build an entire fleet of Starships and launch multiple vehicles on a daily basis, at an average launch cost of $1 million or thereabouts. In 2014, United Launch Alliance (ULA) began a multi-year major restructuring of processes and workforce to decrease launch costs by half. However, SpaceX attributed their cost efficiencies to a few primary factors. Government launch costs are assumed to command a 50% premium to the $67M sticker price. 19 were for flights to geostationary orbit (GEO), one was for a low Earth orbit (LEO) launch. 1. . Elon Musk's rocket company SpaceX was ready to try again at sending NASA's next long-duration crew of the International Space Station to orbit on Thursday, about 72 hours after a first attempt was scrubbed due to a clogged filter in the launch system. SpaceX's ultimate . Although launch competition in the early years after 2010 occurred only in and among global commercial launch providers, the US market for military launches began to experience multi-provider competition in 2015, as the US government began to move away from their previous monopoly arrangement with United Launch Alliance (ULA) for military launches. Reusable Falcon 9s [were project to potentially decrease] the price by an order of magnitude, sparking more space-based enterprise, which in turn would drop the cost of access to space still further through economies of scale. [54] 175-183, https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.62.175, 177. Low Earth Orbit (LEO), $54,500/kg. The stated design objective was to reduce both the cost and duration of reusable vehicle refurbishment and was partially motivated by the pressure of lower-cost competitive options with newer technological capabilities not found in the Ariane 6. The low launch prices offered by the company,[23] especially for communication satellites flying to geostationary (GTO) orbit, resulted in market pressure on its competitors to lower their prices. From 2000 through the end of 2015, a total of US$13.3 billion of investment finance had been invested in the space sector. "Cubesats that used to cost US$350,000400,000 to launch are now US$250,000 and going down. SpaceX's share of the commercial market has grown from 0% in 2009 to a projected 50% for 2018. Starship's fuel alone probably costs $200,000 let alone anything else. [113] Boeing CEO James McNerney has indicated that SpaceX's growing presence in the space industry is forcing Boeing "to be more competitive in some segments of the market. SpaceX's Crew-6 mission for NASA launched early Thursday morning (March 2) with a crew of four on course to dock with the International Space Station in about 24 hours. At the time, the engine was already in its third year of development by Blue Origin. The company typically charges around $62 million per launch, or around $1,200 per pound of payload to reach low-Earth orbit. In those cases, the reported cost-per-kilogram figure is calculated by the median total launch cost and the maximum payload capacity. We assume a slightly lower average of $60M, due to expected price slippage from some launches flying at less than full capacity. I mean literally. [17] In November 2013, Arianespace announced new pricing flexibility for the "lighter satellites" it carries to orbits aboard its Ariane 5 in response to SpaceX's growing presence in the worldwide launch market. Flights beyond that to actual orbita much higher altitudeare far more . "[110] The country is doing this separately from the normal intergovernmental projects of the European Space Agency, where France also plays a major role since the ESA founding. But the award SpaceX received for a single mission in the first year of Phase Two was $316 . In the early decades of the Space Age1950s2000sthe government space agencies of the Soviet Union and the United States pioneered space technology. But that rocket costs at least $350 million per launch several times more expensive than SpaceX's new and reusable $90 million Falcon Heavy system. Today, a SpaceX rocket launching can be 97% cheaper than a Russian Soyuz ride cost in the 60s. Many of the cited sources directly provide cost-per-kilogram estimates for launches to LEO. SpaceX's previous national security launch bids have . [13], Since the early 2010s, new private options for obtaining spaceflight services emerged, bringing substantial price pressure into the existing market. [31], In October 2014, ULA announced a major restructuring of processes and workforce with the stated objective to decrease launch costs by half. In comparison, SpaceX's Falcon rockets, which are also multilaunch rockets, cost significantly more than Starship. But there are some launch services that disclose the cost to GSO/GEO per launching system and the Wikipedia page on Comparison of orbital launch systems currently lists a single price per kilogram: United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 at US\$ 27,063 per kg to GTO The world has shown us in the car industry, the space industry and the hi-tech industry that this is not true. [10], SpaceNews journalist Peter B. Roughly one year later, SpaceX won another GPS 3 launch contract for $96.5 million. COO Gwynne Shotwell said the cost savings "came even though SpaceX did extensive work to examine and refurbish the stage. [97] Airbus CEO Fabrice Bregier stated: "What is the weakness of a big group like Airbus when we talk about innovation? We believe that we know because we control the technologies and platforms. The launch cost they aim for is 5 MM . [16], By mid-2015, Arianespace was speaking publicly about job reductions as part of an attempt to remain competitive in the "European industry [which is being] restructured, consolidated, rationalized and streamlined" to respond to SpaceX price competition. is a launch in which the vehicles payload capacity is dedicated to one particular customer, as opposed to several customers sharing the available payload mass. NASA's contemporary heavy-lift rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS) has a cost over US$21.2 billion in year-of-expenditures dollars 2011-2021. On the commercial side, SpaceX has been privately developing their next-generation Starship launch system,[77] featuring fully reusable boosters and spacecraft, and targeting 150 metric tons (330,000lb) of payload. "[13], In 2015, the ESA was attempting to reorganize to reduce bureaucracy and decrease inefficiencies in launcher and satellite spending which had been tied historically to the amount of tax funds that each country has provided to it. This data repository accompanies Appendix 1ofBoost-Phase Missile Defense: Interrogating the Assumptions,a featured report from theCSIS Missile Defense Project. The maximum payload capacity to LEO for a space launch vehicle is simply the highest mass capacity reported by a launch provider. This is quite different from how dual-launch manifested contracts have been previously handled by Arianespace (Ariane V and Ariane 6) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (H-IIA and H3). The Falcon 9 rocket would cost roughly $62 million to launch, while the Falcon . ", "Arianespace Surpassed SpaceX in Commercial Launch Orders in 2015", "Europe to press ahead with Ariane 6 rocket", "U.S. In 2010, then-President Barack Obama toured Kennedy Space Center and even met with Elon Musk to get a . . Like other companies such as Jeff Bezos Blue Origin, and Ball Aerospace, SpaceX is designing and building innovative spacecraft that are speeding up space delivery by making it more routine and affordable. Mapped: Europes Biggest Sources of Electricity by Country, Visualizing the Scale of Global Fossil Fuel Production, Visualizing U.S. SpaceX Vs NASA: A Comparison Of Rocket Technology. "[63] This decision was reversed in 2017, with Blue Origin saying it did intend to compete for US national security launches. Rocket Supplier Looks to Break 'Short Leash', "The inside story of how billionaires are racing to take you to outer space", "SpaceX launches SES commercial TV satellite for Asia", "SpaceX Challenge Has Arianespace Rethinking Pricing Policies", "Space Transportation Costs: Trends in Price Per Pound to Orbit ", "Rocket Lab points out that not all rideshare rocket launches are created equal", "Is SpaceX Changing the Rocket Equation? Stars similar to the size of the Sun will grow, cool down, and eventually transform into a red giant. SpaceX Crew Dragon. This interactive data repository is a product of the Andreas C. Dracopoulos iDeas Lab, the in-house digital, multimedia, and design agency at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. [C]onsiderable efforts to restore competitiveness in price of the existing European launcher need to be undertaken if Europe is [to] maintain its market situation. Blue Origin announced in 2018 they intend to contract for launch services a bit differently than the contract options that have been traditionally offered in the commercial launch market. Elon Musk said SpaceX's Starship launches will cost less than $10 million within 2-3 years. A number of market responses to the increase of lower-cost competition in the space launch market began in the 2010s. The usual approach is to compare launch costs per kilogram by dividing the total cost per flight by the maximum payload delivered to LEO. It is important to remember that small-lift launchers are never . In 2006, before it had even flown a test flight, SpaceX received $278 million from NASA under the agency's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. The main quantitative parameter that we will use to compare the companies is Satellite Cost to Payload . Selecting FY21 Dollars inflates cost estimates to their dollar values in fiscal year 2021. I've singled out SpaceX and Telesat for comparison because they have made significant progress, but they are not the only LEO . European government research ministers approved the development of the new European rocketAriane 6in December 2014, projecting the rocket would be "cheaper to construct and to operate" and that "more modern methods of production and a streamlined assembly to try to reduce unit costs" plus "the rocket's modular design can be tailored to a wide range of satellite and mission types [so it] should gain further economies from frequent use. [74], As recently as 2013, nearly half of the world's commercial launch payloads were launched on Russian launch vehicles. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said on March 21 its first orbital flight is expected to launch in May . Explore fundamental concepts in the air and space domains. ULA gets USSF-112 & USSF-87 for $224.3 million. At the same time, it only costs about $100 million per launch . ", "Bezos throws cash, engineers at rocket program as space race accelerates", "Blue Origin to offer dual launch with New Glenn after fifth mission", "Europe says SpaceX "dominating" launch, vows to develop Falcon 9-like rocket", "Concerned about SpaceX, France to accelerate reusable rocket plans", "Boeing Stacks Two Satellites to Launch as a Pair", "SpaceX Falcon 9 launches debut dual satellite mission", "Boeing Head: SpaceX Making Company a Better Competitor", "DFJ's Steve Jurvetson on why he invested in SpaceX, Planet Labs", United Launch Alliance faces increased competition on space launches, Airbus unveils 'Adeline' re-usable rocket concept, Small Satellite Launchers at NewSpace Index, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_launch_market_competition&oldid=1139120837, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from August 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Articles that may be too long from December 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2015, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2015, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from October 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2016, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2012, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2019, Articles with failed verification from August 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. SpaceX's . In 2014, operational flights of the expendable Ariane 6 were slated to begin in 2020,[31] but by mid-2021 had slipped to 2022. Arianespace CEO Israel stated the next month that the "challenges of reusability have not disappeared. In a stars early stages, its powered by hydrogen. . The optimistic numbers we've heard from Elon have been ~$5 million/launch, with SpaceX probably charging modern prices for satellite delivery to orbit. [103], By May 2018, as SpaceX prepared to launch the first Block 5 version of Falcon 9, Eric Berger reported in Ars Technica that, during the eight years since its maiden launch, Falcon 9 had become the dominant rocket globally, through SpaceX efforts to take risks and relentlessly innovate driving efficiency upwards. Walter E. Hammond, Space Transportation: a Systems Approach to Analysis and Design (Reston: AIAA, 1999), 407, https://doi.org/10.2514/4.862380. In April 2018, Russia's chief spaceflight official, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said in an interview, "The share of launch vehicles is as small as four percent of the overall market of space services. If you bear in mind that these figures are from 2015, and the Falcon 9 price has dropped from $4,000. The US government is developing the Space Launch System (SLS), capable of lifting very large payloads of 70 to 130 metric tons (150,000 to 290,000lb) from Earth. Rockets comparison Length (or Height) NASA Saturn V - 363 feet (110.64 m) SpaceX Falcon Heavy - 229 feet (69.80 m) SpaceX BFR Notes 1 - 348 feet (106.07 m) NASA SLS (Space Launch System) - 365 feet (111.25 m) Blue Origin New Glenn Rocket - 326 feet (99.36 m) Due to high degree of uncertainty in the payload estimate and the launch cost, a price per kilogram comparison would not be accurate or fair. ULA had less "success landing contracts to launch private, commercial communications and earth observation satellites" than it had with launch US military payloads, but CEO Tory Bruno stated that the new lower-cost ULA launcher could be competitive and succeed in the commercial satellite sector. Due to these discrepancies, the data source is provided in the interactive chart on a vehicle-by-vehicle basis. The Sun has about 5,000 million more years before it reaches its red giant stage, but when that happens, it will likely expand to the point where it swallows up the Earth. For the new ESA launch vehicleAriane 6, aiming for flight in the 2020s400 million of development capital was requested to be "industry's share", ostensibly private capital. Although the Falcon Heavy looks similar to a Delta 4 Heavy, its performance is much higher and, simultaneously, its cost per launch is much lower. History of SpaceX. SpaceX and International Launch Services offer only dedicated launch contracts. The company has stated they will support a regular launch cadence of up to eight launches per year. In this data repository, small-lift vehicles carry up to 2,000 kg to LEO, medium-lift vehicles carry between 2,000 and 20,000 kg to LEO, and heavy-lift vehicles carry more than 20,000 kg to LEO. To learn more about how a particular vehicles launch costs compares to others, click on a bubble or search for a vehicles name in the search field. . 90. For older launch vehicles, which were often directly funded by civil space agencies and military services, unit flyaway costs are not always available. If the same space launch vehicle were to support a different mission to LEO, such as one that requires a higher altitude or inclination, the payload capacity would be reduced. The SSLV is likely to cost about $4 million to $6 million per launch compared to the $16 million to $25 million for a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), which is India's workhorse. Eutelsat CEO Michel de Rosen said, in reference to ESA's program to develop the Ariane 6, "Each year that passes will see SpaceX advance, gain market share and further reduce its costs through economies of scale. In addition, Arianespace signed their largest launch contract everfor 21 LEO launches for OneWeb using the Europeanized Russian Soyuz launch vehicle launching from the ESA spaceportand two Vega smallsat launches. A Project of the Center for Strategic and International Studies. [111][112] In 118 space missions, NASA saw an average cost overrun of 90%. For example, the price of a launch of SpaceX's workhorse Falcon 9 rocket has gone up from $62 million to $67 million and it now costs $97 million, rather than the previous $90 million, to book a . although SpaceX had only forecast an approximately 30 percent launch price reduction from the use of a reused first stage by early 2016. For example, the cost per launch of a PSLV rocket is $18 million to $28 million, the cost per launch of GSLV is $47 million, and GSLV Mark III is $51 million.
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